Summary:This review summarizes recent biodiesel process intensification using microwave reactors, cavitation reactors, and combined microwave-cavitation systems. It compares yield, energy use, activation energy, economic feasibility, and scale-up considerations across transesterification and esterification studies. The paper is best used as a route-level reference for selecting intensification strategies, and the XH-300A-related content should be framed as a cited case within the review rather than as an experiment conducted directly by the review authors.