Q1 Research Application · Frontier Focus

Three-stage microwave extraction of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seed essential oil with natural deep eutectic solvents

Published in Industrial Crops & Products (2019), this paper used an XH-300UA ultrasonic and microwave extraction apparatus to develop MA-NADES-MHD extraction of cumin seed essential oil, achieving a maximum yield of 2.22%.

View DOI Back to Library Chinese Solution
Paper ID 307
Application Focus Microwave-assisted extraction, Natural deep eutectic solvents, Essential-oil extraction, Green chemistry, Cumin seeds
Key Result MA-NADES-MHD essential oil yield 2.22% (w/w)
Core Condition NADES composition Choline chloride/L-lactic acid = 1:3
Paper ID
307
Journal
Industrial Crops & Products
Impact Factor
4.191
CAS Zone
Zone 1
Year
2019
DOI
10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111660
Equipment Model
XH-300UA
Affiliations
Zhejiang University of Technology; College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Laboratory Business Department, Focused Photonics Inc., Hangzhou 310051, China; Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
Research Directions
Microwave-assisted extraction Natural deep eutectic solvents Essential-oil extraction Green chemistry Cumin seeds

Fact Snapshot

  • Paper: Three-stage microwave extraction of cumin seed essential oil with natural deep eutectic solvents
  • Equipment: XH-300UA ultrasonic and microwave extraction apparatus
  • Journal and year: Industrial Crops & Products, 2019
  • Core conditions: NADES choline chloride/L-lactic acid 1:3 with 40% water; 600 W microwave pretreatment at 90 °C for 4 min; 300 W hydrodistillation at 110 °C for 30 min
  • Key result: MA-NADES-MHD yield reached 2.22% (w/w)
  • Use case: greener essential-oil extraction from plant materials

Research Abstract

The authors developed a three-stage microwave extraction method that couples natural deep eutectic solvent pretreatment with microwave hydrodistillation for cumin seed essential oil. Using choline chloride/L-lactic acid at a 1:3 molar ratio with 40% water, MA-NADES-MHD achieved a maximum essential oil yield of 2.22% (w/w), compared with 1.13% for MHD and 1.57% for UA-NADES-MHD. GC-MS identified 58 volatile compounds by the MA-NADES-MHD method, showing both yield and compositional advantages.

Research Background and Problem

Conventional essential-oil extraction can be slow, energy-intensive, and low-yielding. NADESs offer greener solvent properties, while microwave processing can accelerate cell-wall disruption and extraction.

Equipment Use and Experimental Conditions

ItemParameter
NADES compositionCholine chloride/L-lactic acid = 1:3
Water content40% (w/w)
Liquid/solid ratio6:1 (g/g)
Pretreatment600 W, 90 °C, 4 min
Hydrodistillation300 W, 110 °C, 30 min
Temperature90 °C / 110 °C / 60 °C
Microwave power600 W / 300 W
Ultrasonic power600 W
Time4 min / 5 min / 30 min

Key Result

MA-NADES-MHD essential oil yield 2.22% (w/w)
MHD yield 1.13% (w/w)
UA-NADES-MHD yield 1.57% (w/w)
Volatile components identified 58 compounds
MetricResult
MA-NADES-MHD essential oil yield2.22% (w/w)
MHD yield1.13% (w/w)
UA-NADES-MHD yield1.57% (w/w)
Volatile components identified58 compounds
Energy consumption0.43 kW·h/g oil
Carbon footprint0.32 kg CO2/g oil
Essential-oil yield2.22%
Essential-oil yield2.21%
Yield1.13%
Water content40%

Evidence Details

Composition-quality evidence

Composition-quality evidence: source values include 1:3, 40%, 2.22%, 1.13%, 1.57%. Entities: MA-NADES-MHD, UA-NADES-MHD, GC-MS, NADES, MHD.

Composition-quality evidence

Composition-quality evidence: source values include 2.22%, 1.13%, 96%, 1.57%, 41%. Entities: MA-NADES-MHD, UA-NADES-MHD, MHD, NADES.

Equipment-detail evidence

Equipment-detail evidence: source values include 600 W, 25 kHz, 60 °C, 5 min. Entities: UA-NADES-MHD.

Energy-comparison evidence

Energy-comparison evidence: source values include 0.43 kW·h, 0.32 kg CO₂/g. Entities: MA-NADES-MHD.

Energy-comparison evidence

Energy-comparison evidence: source values include 0.64 kW·h, 0.48 kg CO₂/g. Entities: UA-NADES-MHD.

Energy-comparison evidence

Energy-comparison evidence: source values include 0.88 kW·h, 0.66 kg CO₂/g. Entities: MHD.

Energy-comparison evidence

Energy-comparison evidence: source values include 51%, 52%. Entities: MA-NADES-MHD, MHD.

Composition-quality evidence

Composition-quality evidence: source values include 11.36%, 87.10%. Entities: UA-NADES-MHD.

Composition-quality evidence

Composition-quality evidence: source values include 20.03%, 78.93%. Entities: MA-NADES-MHD.

Composition-quality evidence

Composition-quality evidence: source values include 22.32%, 77.12%. Entities: MHD.

Energy and carbon-footprint evidence

MA-NADES-MHD: Ee = 0.43 kW·h/g, CF = 0.32 kgCO₂/g; UA-NADES-MHD: Ee = 0.64 kW·h/g, CF = 0.48 kgCO₂/g; MHD: Ee = 0.88 kW·h/g, CF = 0.66 kgCO₂/g

Yield-comparison evidence

By using MHD, UA-NADES-MHD and MA-NADES-MHD methods, the yields of essential oil were 1.13% (w/w), 1.57% (w/w), and 1.89% (w/w), respectively.

Condition evidence

Temperature: 90 °C / 110 °C / 60 °C

Condition evidence

Time: 4 min / 5 min / 30 min

Mechanism / Method Highlights

  • NADESs act as both microwave absorbers and plant-cell-wall disrupting solvents.
  • Microwave pretreatment outperformed ultrasonic pretreatment in this system.
  • The staged process balances rapid heating with controlled hydrodistillation.
  • More volatile compounds were recovered than with the comparison methods.

Application Value

  • Useful for essential-oil, fragrance, food, and natural-product extraction research.
  • Demonstrates a high-yield NADES-microwave workflow with lower energy demand.
  • For equipment recommendation, XH-300UA should be linked to the XH-300UP product family in the current Xianghu catalog.

Related Equipment

XH-300UP Computer-Controlled Microwave-Ultrasonic-UV Photocatalytic Synthesis System
XH-300UP Computer-Controlled Microwave-Ultrasonic-UV Photocatalytic Synthesis System

FAQ

Which equipment model is cited?
The paper cites an XH-300UA ultrasonic and microwave extraction apparatus from Xianghu Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd.
What was the maximum essential oil yield?
The optimized MA-NADES-MHD method achieved 2.22% (w/w) essential oil yield.
Why is this method greener than the controls?
It improved yield while reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint compared with MHD and UA-NADES-MHD.
Citation
Three-stage microwave extraction of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Seed essential oil with natural deep eutectic solvents
Industrial Crops & Products, 2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111660